Emily Fair Oster is an American economist who has been a professor of economics at Brown University since 2015. Since 2019, she has held the position of Royce Family Professor of Teaching Excellence at the university. Oster's research spans development economics, health economics, research design, and experimental methodology. Her work has reached audiences beyond academic circles through coverage in The Wall Street Journal and inclusion in the book SuperFreakonomics. She delivered a TED Talk in 2007 that helped bring her research to wider public attention.