Carl Benedikt Frey is a Swedish-German economist and economic historian. He holds the position of Dieter Schwarz Professor of Political Economy and Technology at the Oxford Internet Institute and is a Fellow of Mansfield College, University of Oxford. Frey is widely known for his 2013 paper with Maike Osborne titled "The Future of Employment," which estimated that 47 percent of US jobs were at high risk of automation. This work became one of the first and most cited studies examining artificial intelligence's impact on labor markets.