First published 2014
Henry Kissinger analyzes the clash between competing visions of international order in the modern world. The former Secretary of State argues that no true global system has ever existed. Instead, major civilizations have always placed themselves at the center of their own worldview. China built a cultural hierarchy topped by its Emperor. Rome saw itself surrounded by barbarians. Early Islam viewed itself as the sole legitimate political force destined for worldwide expansion. America was founded on beliefs about democracy's universal appeal. Today these historical concepts collide on a global stage. Every region now participates in policy decisions affecting every other region, often instantly. Yet major powers lack consensus on the rules governing this process. Kissinger draws on his direct experience in key negotiations, from Vietnam talks with Hanoi to Reagan's debates with Gorbachev in Reykjavik. He examines current challenges including U.S.-China relations, European Union development, and conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. The book traces his analysis through Iran nuclear negotiations, Western responses to the Arab Spring, and Russia-Ukraine tensions.
Genres: history, international-relations, political-science, non-fiction, 21st-century, academic, american-history
Vibes: thought-provoking
Tropes: informed-consent
Setting: China, Rome, Islam, America, Vietnam, Reykjavik, Iran, Ukraine
Period: Modern Era
420 pages · Hardcover · Penguin Press